Relationship between upper limb strength on land and swimming performance in young swimmers
L. Lazarov
, H. Andonov
Abstract: Objective: This study examines the role of dry-land strength indicators in competitive swimming performance by analysing the relationship between upper limb strength and race results. In swimming strokes such as butterfly, backstroke, and freestyle, propulsion is primarily generated by the arms, while in breaststroke and the underwater phases of races the legs play a dominant role. Materials and methods: By combining findings from previous research with practical tests conducted on adolescent swimmers (ages 13-16) who had qualified for national championships, this study evaluates push-ups and pull-ups as indicators of swimmers’ strength. Results: Significant correlations between dry-land strength and competitive performance were observed among younger swimmers (ages 13-14), whereas no such associations were found in the older group (ages 15-16). Discussion: These findings suggest that with increasing age and specialization in aquatic training, technical skills and water-specific endurance become more influential than general dry-land strength. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of targeted strength development tailored to age group and competitive level.
Series on Biomechanics, Vol.39, No. 4 (2025), 35-39
DOI: 10.7546/SB.04.04.2025
Keywords: Adolescent swimmers; dry-land exercises; strength
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| Date published: 2025-12-12
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