Effect of mechanical stress and blood flow on the adhesion of white blood cells to the endothelium in terms of inflammatory processes
T. Vukova
, S. Apostolova
, I. Georgieva
, R. Tzoneva
, N. Antonova
Abstract: Objective: Many pathological processes in the circulatory system, including thrombus formation and inflammation of different origins include penetration of white blood cells through the wall of blood vessels. They are associated with changes in the blood flow velocity and blood viscosity, respectively. The interaction of the blood cells with the inner layer of blood vessels, consisting of endothelial cells, is a fundamental event in the regulation of the aforementioned pathological processes. While the mechanical and biochemical changes in erythrocytes are relatively well-studied in various pathological processes, there are few studies concerning the biomechanical events associated with the interaction of the white blood cells with the endothelium and plasma proteins under blood flow.
Various micro-chambers that create conditions mimicking blood flow in small blood vessels (capillaries) represent good in vitro models for studying the interaction of white blood cells with endothelium. These models allow investigations of the altered blood flow velocity on the inflammatory process including binding, rolling, firm adhesion and penetration of leukocytes through endothelium. In this regard, the expression of many adhesion molecules and their ligands can be studied.
Results and Conclusion: In the present mini-review, we consider the biochemical and immunological behavior of leukocytes, as well as the changes in their mechanical and rheological parameters that occur with changes in blood flow velocity, and the role of the endothelium for leukocyte processing during inflammation. In this regard, various microfluidic systems are considered suitable in vitro models to study the above interactions.
Series on Biomechanics, Vol.38, No.4(2024), 65-73
DOI:10.7546/SB.10.04.2024
Keywords: blood flow; blood rheology; endothelial cells; inflammation; shear stress; White blood cells
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| Date published: 2024-12-11
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