A study of feet plantar pressure distribution with oscillations and its relationship with performance between state and national level pistol shooters
A. Bhardwaj
, J. Singh
, A. Mandiwal
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the comparison of body stability and oscillation and find out their relationship with performance, by measured center of pressure (CoP) parameters among state and national level air pistol shooters. Materials and methods: Body oscillations, CoP measures including average distance and speed and planter pressure were recorded using a pressure platform during feet close and feet apart positions. Shooting performance was recorded in shooting range in competitive situations. Results: Comparative analysis revealed that national shooters have better stability and less body oscillations against state shooters but not find significant relationship between CoP velocity (body sway) and shooting performance (p > 0.05). This study also revealed no significant difference of average feet pressure on both feet. Discussion: The findings indicates body oscillations is not the only factor that impact on shooting performance, emphasizing the potential importance of muscular tremor and gun stabilization. Competitive setting data emphasize the value of a biomechanical approach in shooting sports. Conclusion: This study suggests that shooting training programs should also be focus on stabilize the weapon by controlling the movements of the center of pressure (CoP) that reach to the gun by the body kinetic chains and the movements of muscular tremor. Further research include gun-body stability measures on larger samples is endorse to gain a better understanding of the stability-performance relationship in shooting.
Series on Biomechanics, Vol.39, No. 4 (2025), 40-47
DOI: 10.7546/SB.05.04.2025
Keywords: center of pressure; competition; oscillation; pressure platform; Shooting performance
| References: (click to open/close) | [1] Aalto, H., Pyykkö, I., Ilmarinen, R., Kähkönen, E., & Starck, J., 1990. Postural Stability in Shooters. ORL, 52,4, 232–238.
[2] Sattlecker, G., Buchecker, M., Müller, E., & Lindinger, S. J., 2014. Postural Balance and Rifle Stability during Standing Shooting on an Indoor Gun Range without Physical Stress in Different Groups of Biathletes. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 9, 1, 171–184.
[3] Era, P., Konttinen, N., Mehto, P., Saarela, P., & Lyytinen, H., 1996. Postural stability and skilled performance—A study on top-level and naive rifle shooters. Journal of Biomechanics, 29, 3, 301–306.
[4] Ko, J. H., Han, D. W., & Newell, K. M., 2017. Skill level constrains the coordination of posture and upper-limb movement in a pistol-aiming task. Human Movement Science, 55, 255–263.
[5] Mononen, K., Konttinen, N., Viitasalo, J., & Era, P., 2007. Relationships between postural balance, rifle stability and shooting accuracy among novice rifle shooters. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 17,2, 180–185.
[6] Shenoy, S., Sathe, A., & Sathe, P. K., 2020. Pedobarographic analysis of balance in sporting and non-sporting population. Series on Biomechanics, 34, 4, 59–64.
[7] Ball, K., Best, R., & Wrigley, T., 2003. Body sway, aim point fluctuation and performance in rifle shooters: Inter- and intra-individual analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21, 7, 559–566.
[8] Herpin, G., Gauchard, G. C., Lion, A., Collet, P., Keller, D., & Perrin, P. P., 2010. Sensorimotor specificities in balance control of expert fencers and pistol shooters. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 20, 1, 162–169.
[9] Konttinen, N., Lyytinen, H., & Viitasalo, J., 1998. Rifle‐balancing in precision shooting:behavioral aspects and psychophysiological implication. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 8, 2, 78–83.
[10] Baca, A., & Kornfeind, P., 2012. Stability analysis of motion patterns in biathlon shooting. Human Movement Science, 31,2, 295–302.
[11] Ball, K. A., Best, R. J., & Wrigley, T. V., 2003. Inter- and Intra-Individual Analysis in Elite Sport: Pistol Shooting. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 19,1, 28–38.
[12] Mon, D., Zakynthinaki, M., Cordente, C., Barriopedro, M., & Sampedro, J., 2014. Body sway and performance at competition in male pistoland rifle Olympic shooters. Biomedical Human Kinetics, 6, 1.
[13] Dadswell, C. E., Payton, C., Holmes, P., & Burden, A., 2013. Biomechanical analysis of the change in pistol shooting format in modern pentathlon. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31, 12, 1294–1301.
[14] Ball, K. A., Best, R. J., & Wrigley, T. V., 2003. Inter- and Intra-Individual Analysis in Elite Sport: Pistol Shooting. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 19, 1, 28–38.
[15] Ihalainen, S., Mononen, K., Linnamo, V., & Kuitunen, S., 2018. Which technical factors explain competition performance in air rifle shooting? International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 13, 1, 78–85.
[16] Mon, D., Zakynthinaki, M. S., Cordente, C. A., Antón, A. J. M., Rodríguez, B. R., & Jiménez, D. L., 2015. Finger Flexor Force Influences Performance in Senior Male Air Pistol Olympic Shooting. PLOS ONE, 10, 6, e0129862.
[17] Bernstein, J., Perlis, C., & Bartolozzi, A. R., 2000. Ethics in Sports Medicine: Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 378, 50–60.
[18] Mononen, K., Viitasalo, J. T., Era, P., & Konttinen, N., 2003. Optoelectronic measures in the analysis of running target shooting. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 13, 3, 200–207.
[19] Niinimaa, V., & McAvoy, T., 1983. Influence of exercise on body sway in the standing rifle shooting position. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences. Journal Canadien Des Sciences Appliquees Au Sport, 8, 1, 30–33.
[20] Gangloff, P., Louis, J.-P., & Perrin, P. P., 2000. Dental occlusion modifies gaze and posture stabilization in human subjects. Neuroscience Letters, 293, 3, 203–206.
[21] Gulbinskienė, V., & Skarbalius, A., 2018. Peculiarities of Investigated Characteristics of Lithuanian Pistol and Rifle Shooters’ Training and Sport Performance. Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences, 2, 73.
[22] Lakie, M., 2010. The influence of muscle tremor on shooting performance. Experimental Physiology, 95, 3, 441–450.
[23] Mon, D., Zakynthinaki, M. S., & Calero, S., 2019. Connection between performance and body sway/morphology in juvenile Olympic shooters. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 14, 1.
[24] Kaur, S., & Thapa, A. S., 2019. Comparative study of self confidence and shooting efficiency of female national pistol shooters. International Journal of Yogic, Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 4, 1.
[25] Mon-López, D., De La Rubia, A., García-Aliaga, A., Acebes-Sánchez, J., Refoyo Roman, I., & Lorenzo Calvo, J., 2022. Optoelectronic analysis of technical factors and performance of elite-level air pistol shooting. PLOS ONE, 17, 1, e0262276.
[26] Krasilshchikov, O., Zuraidee, E., & Singh, R., 2007. Effect of general and auxiliary conditioning on specific fitness of young pistol and rifle shooters. Asian Journal of Exercise & Sports Science, 4, 1, 15–20.
[27] ISSF,Rules & Regulation, 2023. ISSF_Rule_Book_2023_Approved_Version.pdf. International Shooting Sport Federation.
[28] Harris, B. S., Byrd, M. M., Johnson, K., & Ziegler, L., 2023. Ethical Issues in Sport Injury and Rehabilitation. In M. Arvinen-Barrow & D. Clement, The Psychology of Sport Injury and Rehabilitation. Routledge.
|
|
| Date published: 2025-12-12
(Price of one pdf file: 50.00 BGN/25.00 EUR)
