Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, functionalization and interaction with neutrophils evaluated by chemiluminescent method
Ivan Antonov, Blagovest Bechev, Katerina Kavaldzhieva
, Stilian Stoeff, Andrey Velichkov
, Yuliia Merienko, Krassimira Todorova
, Soren Hayrabedyan
Abstract: Objective: Synthesis and physical characteristics of Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated with albumin and casein and interaction with neutrophils evaluated by chemiluminescent method. Materials and methods: Precipitation of iron salts was used to obtain SPIONs (magnetite microcrystals). Their surfaces are modified with APTES (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane) and activated with glutaraldehyde for covalent binding with albumin and casein. To study the activity and functional state of leukocytes, luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) and live imaging are used. Results and discussion: The changes in the physical characteristics of the magnetic particles at each stage of their synthesis and surface modification were monitored. X-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) were used. These methods give naked SPIONs an average diameter value of about 14.6 nm. The determined magnetic susceptibility at two different frequencies proved their paramagnetic properties. SPIONs surface modification with APTES leads to the formation of stable aggregates with size of 160-180 nm (SEM). Dynamic laser light scattering (DLS) was used to find hydrodynamic diameters of the naked (158 nm) and coated (214 nm HSA, 195 nm Casein) SPIONs. The degree of envelopment (protein mass/SPIONs mass) was found; 22.4% (HSA) and 34.6%, Casein. HSA-coated and naked SPIONs probably don't affect spontaneous CL for whole blood and isolated neutrophils, as neutrophils originate from a resting neutrophil population. Probably HSA-coated and naked SPIONs influence the initiation and development of the zymosan-stimulated response of the neutrophil population in the sample. Conclusions: Coated SPIONs don’t initiate ROS generation by neutrophils in the resting state but probably modulate the zymosan-stimulated response. For the first time, the existence of neutrophil subpopulations in a different functional state upon stimulation with zymosan in the presence of SPIONs was proven. The synthesized modified SPIONs are a good basis for future applications.
Series on Biomechanics, Vol.38, No.2 (2024), 42--57
DOI:10.7546/SB.06.02.2024
Keywords: casein; chemiluminescence; HSA; live image; neutrophils; SPIONs
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| Date published: 2024-08-01
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