Mathematical modelling of the human head and neck: problems and possible solutions
G. Nikolova
, D. Dantchev
Резюме: Objective: This study attempts to provide a more realistic mathematical model of the human head and neck as two separate segments of the human body. Materials and methods: We provide analytical expressions for the mass, center of mass, volumes, and principal moments of inertia of the head, and neck segments individually, and in the combination of them as “head and neck” segments. Results: A different approach to modelling the head and neck was suggested in the current study: i) The head is modelled as a prolonged spheroid; a horizontal plane cuts it forming a cross-section with the proper dimension delivered by the measurement of the neck, thus allowing for a smooth connection of the head with the neck at this cross-section. ii) The neck is modelled as a cylinder. Discussion: Thus far, most models have represented the head and neck as an ellipsoid. We tackled this problem in the present study and employed a different “head plus neck” model. We employ mathematical modelling to ascertain the mass-inertial properties of the segments that are being studied. Conclusion: In the present article, a more realistic and closer to the real shapes of head plus neck mathematical modelling is proposed. Provided that readily measurable anthropometric measurements are obtained, this modelling can be applied to any individual belonging to any race or gender.
Series on Biomechanics, Vol.39, No.1 (2025),24-30
DOI:10.7546/SB.01.04.2025
Ключови думи: head and neck; Human body modelling; mass-inertial characteristics
| Литература: (click to open/close) | [1] Yordanov, Y., Nacheva, A., Tornyova, S., Kondova, N., Dimitrova, B., Topalova, D., 2006. Anthropology of the Bulgarian population at the end of the 20-th century (30-40 years old). Professor Marin Drinov Academic Publishing House, Sofia, Bulgaria.
[2] Dempster, W. T., 1955. Space requirements of the seated operator. WADC Technical Report 55-159, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio.
[3] Clauser, C. E., McConville, J. T., Young, J. W., 1969. Weight, volume, and center of mass of segments of the human body, Technical Report AMRL-TR-69-70, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio.
[4] Chandler, R. F., Clauser, C. E., McConville, J. T., Reynolds, H. M., Young, J. W., 1975. Investigation of inertial properties of the human body. Technical Report AMRL-TR-74-137, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio.
[5] Zatsiorsky, V., M, Seluyanov, V. N., 1983. The mass and inertia characteristics of the main segments of the human body. In Matsui H., Kobayashi K. (Eds.), Biomechanics VIII-B. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1152–1159.
[6] Mungiole, M., Martin. P., E., 1990. Estimating segment inertial properties: Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging with existing methods. Journal of Biomechanics 23, 1039–1046.
[7] Wei, C., Jensen, R. K., 1995. The application of segment axial density profiles to a human body inertia model. Journal of Biomechanics, 28, 103–108.
[8] Hanavan, E., P., 1964 A mathematical model of the human body, AMRLTR-64-102 Ohio, Aerospace Medical Research Laboratories, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio.
[9] Hatze. H., 1980 A mathematical model for computational determination of parameter values of anthropomorphic segments. Journal of Biomechanics 13, 833-843.
[10] Wooley, C., 1972. Segment masses, centers of mass and local moments of inertia for an anthropometric model of the man. National Aronautic and Space Administration Report D-6584, Washington, D. C.
[11] Zatsiorsky. V., M., 2002. Kinetics of human motion, Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, USA.
[12] Pascoletti, G., Huysmans, T., Molenbroek, J.F.M. & Zanetti, E. M., 2024. From an ellipsoid-based to an anthropomorphic articulated total body model for multibody applications. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM) 18, 5991–6011.
[13] Nikolova G., Toshev Y., 2007. Estimation of male and female body segment parameters of the Bulgarian population using a 16-segmental mathematical model. Journal of Biomechanics 40, 16, 3700-3707.
[14] Nikolova, G., Tsveov, M., Dantchev, D, Kiriazov, P., 2021. CAD design of a new 3D geometrical model of the human body. Series on Biomechanics, 35, 2, 58-64.
[15] Whittle, M., 1991. Gait Analysis: An Introduction, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., Halley Court, Jordan Hill, Oxford 0X2 8EJ.
[16] Dimitrova, A., 2023. Differences in muscle mass and fat mass accumulation in youth female athletes, Series on Biomechanics, 37, 4, 3-8.
[17] Dimitrova, A., Kachaunov, M., Petrov, L. 2024. Anthropometric and body composition profile of young swimmers. Series on Biomechanics, 38, 3, 55-60.
[18] Carpentier, C., Font-Llagunes, J.M., Kövecses, J. 2010. Dynamics and energetics of impacts in crutch walking, Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 26, 473-483.
[19] Hasan, S. K., Dhingra, A., K. 2022. Biomechanical design and control of an eight DOF human lower extremity rehabilitation exoskeleton robot. Results in Control and Optimization 7: 100107.
[20] Baines, K. N., Edmond, S., & EISMA, D. R. 2011. Stature. In: Forensic anthropology, 113-136 CRC Press.
|
|
| Дата на публикуване: 2025-03-25
(Price of one pdf file: 39.00 BGN/20.00 EUR)
