Anthropometric and body composition profile of young swimmers
А. Dimitrova
, M. Kachaunov
, L. Petrov
Резюме: Introduction: Youth athletes' anthropometric and body composition measurements are useful to their healthy growth and the selection of future sports talents. Aim: The study aims to assess the anthropometric and body composition profile of the swimmers from the National Team of Bulgaria and compare them between sexes. Materials and Methods: The study includes 17 swimmers (8 males and 9 females) aged 14-18 years from the National Swimming Team of Bulgaria. A detailed anthropometric assessment was done using standard anthropometric equipment and according to the classical methodology of Martin-Saller (1957). Whole body composition (BC) assessments were determined using the multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance method with the InBody170 analyzer. The statistical data processing was done through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 16.00 (SPSS 16.00). Student T-test (p< 0.001) was performed to detect the sex-related differences. Results: The results indicate statistically significant differences between the anthropometric variables recorded in the male and female populations. In addition, the results confirmed that male competitors are taller and heavier than female ones. According to the acromial and bicrystal breadth proportion data and after Brusch`s categories, the athletes from both sexes are categorized with wide shoulders and narrow pelvis (p<0.001). All markers of fat tissue (absolute and relative values) were higher in the female competitors (p<0.001). Contrary to these results, the male athletes differ by better muscle mass accumulation (p<0.001). Conclusions: The study of body dimensions and proportions through anthropometric measurements is helpful for the identification of young talents in swimming.
Series on Biomechanics, Vol.38, No.3 (2024), 55-60
DOI:10.7546/SB.07.03.2024
Ключови думи: adolescents; anthropometry; body composition; Swimmers
| Литература: (click to open/close) | [1] Cabañas Armesilla, M.D., Esparza, R. F. 2009. Compendio de cineantro-pometria. Madrid: CTO.
[2] Popo, A., Dedovic, D., Likic, S., Mulaosmanovic, S., 2010. Relations between some morphological dimensions and a result achievement in swimming of young swimmer representatives of B&H. Acta Kinesiologica. 4, 1, 67-70.
[3] Valero, A.F., Sanz, J.M. M., Sáez, J.F., Pérez, S.S., Anta, R.C., 2020. Perfil antropométrico de jóvenes triatletas y su asociación con variables de rendimiento. Archivos de medicina del deporte: revista de la Federación Española de Medicina del Deporte y de la Confederación Iberoamericana de Medicina del Deporte, 37, 197, 169–175.
[4] Bagnall, K.M., Kellett, D.W., 1994. A study of potential Olympic swimmers: I, the starting point. Br J Sports Med. 1977 Sep;11(3):127-32. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.11.3.127. PMID: 922274; PMCID: PMC1859570.
[5] Ackland, T.R., Carter, J., Lindsay, E.,1994. Kinanthropometry in aquatic sports: a study of world class athletes. Human Kinetics. X, 174.
[6] Ramírez Farto, E., Rivera Lamingueiro, J., 2006. Plan gallego de tecnificación deportiva: Características morfológicas de sus nadadores . Efedeportes. 11, 103-13.
[7] Stager, J.M., Babington, J.P., 1997. Somatic Traits in the Selection of Potential Elite Swimmers. Kinesiology. 2, 1, 39-50.
[8] Burke, L., 2009. Nutricion En El Deporte: Un Enfoque Practico. Ed. Médica Panamericana.
[9] Belloch, S.L., Quesada, J.I.P., Soriano, P.P., Cuevas, Á.L., 2013. La investigación en biomecánica aplicada a la natación: Evolución histórica y situación actual. Citius, altius, fortius: humanismo, sociedad y deporte: investigaciones y ensayos, 6, 2, 103–149.
[10] Moura, T., Costa, M., Oliveira, S., Júnior, M.B., Ritti-Dias, R., Santos, M., 2014. Height and body composition determine arm propulsive force in youth swimmers independent of a maturation stage. J Hum Kinet. Oct 10, 42:277-84. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2014-0081. PMID: 25414760; PMCID: PMC4234767.
[11] Knechtle, B., Waskiewicz, Z., Sousa, C. V., Hill 5, L., Nikolaidis, P.T., 2020. Cold Water Swimming—Benefits and Risks:A Narrative Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17, 8984; doi:10.3390/ijerph17238984 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
[12] Bielec, G., Jurak, D., 2019. The relationship between selected anthropometric variables and the sports results of early pubescent swimmers. 2019. Balt J Health Phys Act. 11, 1, 124-130. doi: 10.29359/BJHPA.11.1.13
[13] Pla, R., Leroy, A., Massal, R., Bellami, M., Kaillani, F., Hellard, P., Toussaint, J.F., Sedeaud, A., 2019. Physique of female swimmers and divers from the 1976 Montreal Olympics. 2019. BMJ Open Sp Ex Med. 5:e000543. doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000543; Khosla T. JAMA 1984, 252,536–7.
[14] World Medical Association, Declaration of Helsinki. 2008. Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. WMJ, 54, 4,122-25.
[15] Cole, T.J., Lobstein, T., 2012. Extended international (IOTF) body mass index cut-offs for thinness, overweight and obesity. Pediatric obesity. 7, 284-294.
[16] Houtkooper, L.B., Lohman, T.G., Going, S., Howell, W., 1996. Why bioelectrical impedance should be used for estimating adiposity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 64, 3, 436-448.
[17] Nikolova G., Dantchev D., 2023. Age changes in the basic anthropometric characteristics of the average Bulgarian females. Series on Biomechanics 37,1, 5-12.
[18] Nikolova G., Dantchev D., 2022. Gender dependence of the geometric and mass-inertial characteristics via a 3D biomechanical model of the human body. Series on Biomechanics 36, 1, 113-119.
[19] Hakan, Y., BARUG, D., Bostan, A., Kaya, A., Aydin, E.M., 2021. Influence of Physical and Anthropometric Properties on Sprint Swimming Performance. P J M H S.15, 2, 814-818.
[20] Rozi, G., Dopsaj, M., Platanou, T., 2019. Prediction of 100 m front crawl performance through anthropometrical characteristics in youth Greek swimmers according to gender. Human Sport Medicine. 19, 1, 57-64.
[21] Yarar, B.A., Hakan, M.A., Erbil, M.A., 2021. Influence of Physical and Anthropometric Properties on Sprint Swimming Performance. P J M H S, 15, 2, 814-818.
[22] Pelayo, P., Sidney, M., Kherif, T., Chollet, D., Tourny, C., 1996. Stroking characteristics in freestyle swimming and relationships with anthropometric characteristics. Journal of Applied Biomechanics. 12, 2, 197-206.
[23] Dimitric, G., Kontic, D., Versic, S., Scepanovic, T., Zenic, N.Z., 2022. Validity of the Swimming Capacities and Anthropometric Indices in Predicting the Long-Term Success of Male Water Polo Players: A Position-Specific Prospective Analysis over a Ten Year Period, International J. of Environmental Research and Public Health. 1-13.
[24] Oliveira, M., Henrique, R. S., Queiroz, D. R., Salvina, M., Melo, W.V., Moura dos Santos, M., 2021. Anthropometric variables, propulsive force and biological maturation: A mediation analysis in young swimmers. 21, 4, 507-514.
[25] Dokumaci, B., Aygun, C., Dogan, D.D., Atabek, H.Ç., 2017. Investigating the Anthropometric Variables and Bio-Motoric Properties in Male and Female Swimmers Int. JSCS. 5, 4, 274-284.
[26] Dopsaj, M., Zuoziene, I.J., Mili´c, R., Cherepov, E., Erlikh, V., Masiulis, N., di Nino, A., Vodiˇcar, J., 2020. Body Composition in International Sprint Swimmers: Are There Any Relations with Performance? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17, 9464; doi:10.3390/ijerph17249464.
[27] Atakan, M.M., Demirci, N., Güzel, Y., Koşar, Ş.N., 2022. Whole body composition and bone mineral density measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in young swimmers. Spormetre The Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 20, 2, 1-15.
[28] Espada, M.C., Ferreira, C.C., Gamonales, J.M., Hernández-Beltrán, V., Massini, D.A., Macedo, A.G., Almeida, T.A.F., Castro, E.A., Pessôa Filho, D.M., 2023. Body Composition Relationship to Performance, Cardiorespiratory Profile, and Tether Force in Youth Trained Swimmers. Life. 13, 1806. HTTP://doi.org/10.3390/life13091806
[29] Meleski, B.W., Malina, R.M., 2007. Changes in body composition and physique of elite university‐level female swimmers during a competitive season 33-40.Published online: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640418508729730.
|
|
| Дата на публикуване: 2024-11-15
(Price of one pdf file: 39.00 BGN/20.00 EUR)
