Artistic swimming benefits of the critical blood flow velocity
B. Dimitrova
, N. Antonova
Резюме: Aim: The article examines the biophysical, physiological, and field aspects of the “critical training zone” for artistic swimmers and their equivalents. Hemorheological changes during exercise are analysed. Methods: By connecting two scientific fields, the biophysical theory of sports training and physiology, it becomes possible to measure the integral physiological parameter, maximum aerobic capacity (VO2 max). Blood rheology and vascular function continuously interact to ensure optimal oxygen and nutrient delivery, necessitating their parallel assessment. The structural analysis presented is based on theoretical concepts and scientific results from Bulgarian and international experts. Critical velocities (VMA = Vcr) can be practically applied for individual modelling of critical power. Results: External adaptation in artistic swimming is determined by critical movement velocity (VMA). Both critical velocity and critical power function as parallel indicators, defining the boundaries of the critical training zone. The specific training conditions correspond to the level at which maximal aerobic capacity is developed, typically associated with a heart rate of approximately 180–185 beats per minute. Discussion: These findings enable precise regulation of training load, allowing artistic swimmers to consistently operate within the critical training zone. This is particularly important given the sport-specific demands, including the use of equipment and the need for synchronised performance. The alignment between physiological thresholds and training intensity supports optimised adaptation to the unique requirements of artistic swimming. Conclusion: The established relationship between critical velocity, critical power, and physiological response ensures that the critical effort zone is effectively maintained and contributes to a better artistic swimming performance.
Series on Biomechanics, Vol.40, No. 1 (2026), 51-57
DOI: 10.7546/SB.01.07.2026
Ключови думи: artistic swimming; critical blood flow velocity; critical muscle strength; training process
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| Дата на публикуване: 2026-03-23
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