Stress relaxation of articular cartilage: contribution of flow-dependent and flow-independent viscoelasticity
St. Stoytchev
, S. Nikolov
Резюме: Objective: The articular cartilage consists of two main phases– the solid phase and the fluid phase. The solid phase is chiefly composed of complex macromolecules including collagen and proteoglycans. The fluid phase is presented by interstitial fluid filling in the solid phase. The rheological behavior of such poroviscoelastic material during compression depends upon the intrinsic, flow-independent, interaction between the solid matrix’s deformation, and the interstitial fluid motion. The current study aims to test flow-dependent and flow-independent mathematical models against experimental data from confined compression experiments under stress relaxation.
Materials and methods: The model equations resulted in partial differential equations for the solid and fluid phases, which were solved analytically and numerically. An optimization procedure, using available literature experimental results, was elaborated to estimate the model parameters (hydraulic permeability and short-time and long-time relaxation).
Results: It was found that the mathematical model, including only a flow-dependent viscoelastic mechanism, predicts the stress relaxation quite unsatisfactory and that the flow-independent viscoelastic mechanism plays the leading role in sustaining the equilibrium in the two-phase system mainly after flowing out of the interstitial fluid.
Conclusion: The reported results unambiguously confirm that the flow-dependent viscoelastic mechanism plays a leading role during the compression phase. In contrast, the flow-independent mechanism equilibrates the stress in the solid phase with the applied stress and predisposes the stress relaxation during flow out of the interstitial.
Series on Biomechanics, Vol.39, No.11 (2025), 31-40
DOI: 10.7546/SB.01.05.2025
Ключови думи: Articular cartilage; partial differential equation; stress relaxation; viscoelastic mechanisms
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| Дата на публикуване: 2025-03-25
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